Plaster of paris, quick-setting gypsum plaster consisting of a fine white powder (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), which hardens when moistened and allowed to dry. Known since ancient times, plaster of paris is so called because of its preparation from the abundant gypsum found near Paris. It is commonly used to precast and hold parts of ornamental plasterwork placed on ceilings and cornices. Plaster of paris is also used as a building material for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements.